[Image above] Schematic illustration of the equilibrium (lower) and nonequilibrium (upper) surfaces in a (p,T)-landscape. Paths 1 and 2 indicate the actual cooling and depressurization sequence for the sample; paths 3 and 4 are used to relate the in situ and ex situ fictive temperatures. Credit: Wondraczek et al., Journal of the American Ceramic Society
As the 2022 International Year of Glass, draws to a close, so too does the “Glass: Then and Now” series.
Over the course of this year, the “Glass: Then and Now” series highlighted both historic and recent articles on glass science and technology published in Journal of the American Ceramic Society and International Journal of Applied Glass Science. Each month, we highlighted a different research aspect, which are summarized below.
- January: Glass fibers enable all data communications underlying e-commerce, telehealth, social media, and the Internet of Things with more than 500 million kilometers produced annually.
- February: Mechanical and chemical post processing is used to overcome defects and strengthen glass.
- March: More information about chemical strengthening and products, such as display glass, that use it.
- April: Bioactive glasses are on the verge of revolutionizing healthcare with improvements to bioactivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties.
- May: Understanding glass–water interactions is critical to improving durability of glass.
- June: Radioactive waste vitrification has reached a high level of industrialization and requires tailoring.
- July: Viscosity is one of the most important properties of glass-forming systems, governing every step of industrial glass production.
- August: Glass is metastable and the relaxation of glass, i.e., the process of becoming more stable, is affected by external stressors such as pressure, electrical field, and temperature.
- September: Molecular dynamics and other modeling methods are critical to exploring glass structure and the properties arising from atomic interactions.
- October: Topological constraint theory (TCT) was a key enabler to develop predictive models that relate the composition and structure of glasses to their properties.
- November: Glass-ceramics deliver unusual property combinations for sophisticated domestic and high-tech applications and for controlling and studying nano- or microstructure–property relationships.
Which brings us to our final installment in the series—Glass under pressure. The articles highlighted this month discuss in greater detail the effects of pressurized glass forming and use conditions.
While many effects were discussed briefly in prior months, this month’s articles tie together many of those concepts. For example, pressurizing glass affects properties and structure. High pressure increases glass density, elastic modulus, and fictive temperature. Molecular dynamics studies show that pressure rearranges the bonding between metal and oxygen atoms.
You can read all about the effects of pressure in this month’s “Glass: Then and Now” articles.
Articles for Glass under pressure